Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Bacillus Azotofixans

Nitrogen is the major or primary “vitamin” for plant growth that is the main material for protein. And 4/5 of the air is Nitrogen element. But the molecule of Nitrogen is tied by 3 chemical bonds so that mostly the plants can't absorb the Nitrogen.

The Bacillus azotofiixans with Nitrogen-fixing enzyme can fix the element by simply cutting the chemical bonds and transferring the molecule to be Nitrogen atoms that the plants can easily absorb, eventually to be the Nitrogen fertilize.

•  Feature of bacteria: slim and bacilliform, sharp and shuttle like at bottom

•  Feature of sporangium: medium-sized, ellipse-shaped, mostly inflated at the middle; thick surface (dark red color), light color for interior; mature sporangium inflated and shuttle-looked

•  Feature of bacteria observed by naked eyes: round and convex on the Nitrogen-free substrate, raised by an angle of 20—30 degrees; sticky and elastic while to pick up; colorless and transparent but thick at the middle of bacteria after 2-3 days with still colorless edges, and the peripheral layer looks glassy smooth and sometimes microwave-shaped for the ramification

•  Feature of physiology: Gram Strain variable with effective Nitrogen-fixing enzyme

•  Life history of Bacillus Azotofiixans:

(1). Nutrient body splitting reproduction (reproduction cycle)

Phosphorus-Decomposing Bacteria: Bacillus megatherium var.phosphaticum

Phosphorus is one of the three major or primary nutrients for plant are originally rich in the soil. However, it is estimated that 2/3 farming soil in China are lack of phosphorus nutrients because the element is mostly the organic state hardly dissolved and inorganic substance. And the utilization of phosphate fertilizer in large amount in search of high yield leads to more phosphorus compound hardly dissolved in the soil. Therefore, the microbial fertilizers developed recently with phosphorus decomposing effect can promote the dissolvability of the element that can hardly be absorbed by plants, and to improve the utilization of the phosphorus element in the soil for plant growth.

The bacillus megatherium var.phosphaticum is the earliest and the most popular one to be applied. Р . А . Менкина , a scholar from the former Soviet separated the bacteria from the soil in 1935 and found out it had strong capability to release the nucleic acid and lecithin. In 1954 Chinese scientists followed to separate the bacillus megatherium from China 's northeast land that can decompose both lecithin and calcium phosphate.

•  Feature of bacteria: very bulky, short and bacilliform or close to ellipse; short and bulky when young, 2.6-6.0*1.8μ long after reproduction by splitting , round and blunt at bottom, but pear-like sharp at bottom for the old; after splitting, the young bacteria either single cell or two cells connected, old cells connected but short

•  Feature of sporangium: large-sized （ 1.2*0.7 μ ） , ellipse-shaped at middle or close to side; thin surface (light red color), colorless for interior; mature sporangium not inflated

•  Feature of bacteria observed by naked eyes: round with concentric circles on the special substrate, smooth surface; opaque changing from off white to brown, regular edges; flat and slight inflated with little tucks

•  Feature of physiology: Gram Strain positive, growing fast on meat soup substrate with strong capability of decomposing nucleic acid and lecithin and releasing phosphate from the inorganic phosphorus

•  Life history of Bacillus megatherium:

(1). Nutrient body splitting reproduction

(2). Sporangium forming

Potassium-Decomposing bacteria: Bacillus mucilaginosus

Silicate bacteria has been accepted and researched earlier and more by former Soviet and Chinese scientists. Silicate bacteria are special in the soil that can decompose the potassium minerals, release potassium and boast azotification. The bacteria metabolizing cause to the production of organic acid, amino acid, amylose and hormone for plant utilization. Meanwhile, the reproduction of the bacteria also retrains the pathogenic cells. The content of potassium can be raised by 33-34%. At present, silicate fertilizers are applied on more than 30 crops in over 20 provinces and districts in China . The bacteria demonstrate the effect for improving the quick-acting phosphate and potassium in soil, and raise yield and quality as one of the most important elements in microbial fertilizers.

•  Feature of bacteria: bulky, long and bacilliform with thick film

•  Feature of sporangium: large-sized, ellipse-shaped at middle; thick surface (dark red color), light red color for interior; mature sporangium not inflated

•  Feature of bacteria observed by naked eyes: round on the silicate bacteria substrate, like half of a glass ball; convex by an angle of more than 45 degrees; colorless, but opaque in the middle after 5-6 days, transparent edges; smooth surface, sticky and thick, elastic and threadlike after pulled

•  Feature of physiology: Gram Strain negative, able to release phosphate and potassium at the root of plants, and fix nitrogen

•  Life history of Bacillus mucilaginosus:

(1). Nutrient body splitting reproduction (exterior films also split)

(2). Sporangium forming